O futebol como uma boa metáfora para a gestão empresarial

 
Em época de Copa do Mundo, o futebol volta a introduzir-se na vida nacional de uma forma onipresente. A ponto do país parar, mesmo de madrugada, para assistir os jogos da seleção, “a pátria em chuteiras” na feliz expressão do dramaturgo Nelson Rodrigues.
Somos conhecidos no mundo todo como o “país do futebol” e do carnaval ou do samba, também. A tal ponto isso é disseminado que, para os estrangeiros e para nós mesmos, ficamos por aí, sem sequer lembrar de outras expressões culturais que também nos fazem universais, como bem lembra João Cezar de Castro Rocha, vice-coordenador da pós-graduação em Letras da UERJ, citado por André Luiz Barros, jornal Valor.

“O Brasil não é só samba, cachaça e futebol, é também Glauber Rocha, João Cabral de Melo Neto, Guimarães Rosa. Esses autores fizeram obras de caráter universal. Shakespeare agrada mesmo a quem sequer sabe inglês, pois toca em questões universais. De quebra, aprende-se sobre a Inglaterra. Em vez de focarmos as singularidades, o extravagante, por que não mostrar o que nossa cultura tem de comum, de traduzível, de universal?”

João Cezar de Castro Rocha, Valor, 30.04.2001

Mas, se a onipresença do futebol como expressão mais do que esportiva, também cultural, tem a desvantagem de encobrir outras manifestações igualmente expressivas do gênio nacional, tem a seu favor o fato de funcionar como excelente metáfora para a gestão empresarial. Quando se dá qualquer exemplo usando o futebol, as pessoas entendem logo do que se está pretendendo falar.
Coisas como trabalho em equipe, liderança, entrosamento, produção de resultados consistentes etc., são bem melhor compreendidas quando se usa o exemplo do futebol para salientá-las. A necessidade dos grupos de trabalho, dentro das empresas e organizações, funcionarem como times vencedores fica bem mais fácil de salientar quando se dá o exemplo de um time de futebol vencedor (desde que não seja, claro, um time local por conta da rivalidade que invalida o exemplo).
Talvez a primeira boa comparação do funcionamento de um time de futebol e o de uma empresa ou grupo de trabalho dentro dela, é o da obrigação de produzir bons resultados. O executivo ou o gerente que não produz os resultados esperados fracassa em algo que é essencial, assim como o técnico que perde muitos jogos. Raro é o técnico que suporta cinco derrotas seguidas sem ser demitido, às vezes sumariamente. A frase bem humorada do técnico norte-americano ilustra bem isso.

“Se alguma coisa vai mal, fui eu. Se alguma coisa vai mais ou menos, fomos nós. Se alguma coisa vai realmente bem, então foram vocês.”

Paul Bryant, treinador de futebol norte-americano

A frase embora irônica ilustra bem a responsabilidade redobrada de quem gerencia e a inevitabilidade de apropriação do sucesso pelo conjunto. É evidente que o papel do líder é diferenciado e sobre ele pesa a responsabilidade intransferível de coordenar a produção dos resultados, sem querer ser a estrela principal, o “melhor” ou o único responsável por tudo.

“Os líderes divertem-se orquestrando o trabalho de outros  e não o executando eles próprios.”

Tom Peters, Você S.A., Maio/2001

Desenvolver e manter equipes fortes, competitivas e vencedoras, é uma responsabilidade de todos os integrantes, claro, mas a cobrança principal pelos resultados é feita diretamente ao gerente. Ele será tão mais eficaz quanto mais capacidade tiver de liderar para o sucesso, repartindo as glórias pelos resultados. Sem isso, seu fracasso será com a equipe, mesmo que tenha resultados.

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